SNPPR1 Nursing Practice
Question:
Answer:
Introduction:
Dementia is a side effect of an assortment of particular brain disease and system degenerations. Clinically, dementia reflects the major decline of capacity in the association cortex. Abnormalities pharmacologically are more diffuse and stretch out into the sensorimotor cortical area.
- Age
- Diabetes
- Down syndrome
- Hypertension
- Genetics
- Mental illness
- Atherosclerosis
- Memory loss
- Trouble remembering recent events
- Problem planning and executing tasks
- Problem remembering tasks
- Difficulties exercising judgment
- Difficulties controlling behaviors or mood for instance what to do in the case of an emergency
A physical assessment can be used to rule out treatable causes of the condition and identify any other disorder that can lead to dementia. Physical assessment can also include identifying illness like kidney failure or heart diseases that can overlie with dementia. In the as the patient is using any form of medication, the doctor can advise to stop using the medication or replace the medication to check if the symptoms can go away.
Nurses should give the patients the opportunity to know their belonging, know the time by giving them clocks, allow them to mention, praise the patient when they remember something and help the patients remember events or even perform activities.
Dementia is diagnosed in a number of ways. The first diagnosis is for the doctor to examine the medical history of the patient, a physical examination of the patient to detect physical illness, and laboratory tests to determine the real cause of illness.
Doctors should advise patients suffering from the condition to;
- Eat healthy
- Maintain weight
- Avoid excessive drinking
- Stop smoking
- Exercise regularly
Depressive is a disorder that involves the thoughts, mood, and the body. The condition interferes with the normal functioning causing pain to both the caregiver and the patient (Bot, deldorp, Nieuwenhuizen & Penninx, 2017).
- Stress (negative life events)
- Excessive consumption of alcohol
- Physical illness
- Smoking
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- Feeling of pessimism and hopeless
- Empty moods, fatigue, and decrease energy
- Irritability and restlessness
- Suicidal thoughts
Physical assessment entails an examination by the doctor or therapist for signs of the condition. The assessment entails a physical examination from head to toe using the procedure of palpation, observation, and percussion (Stott & Baumgartner, 2017)
The doctor or therapist will examine the behavior of the patient. Some of the common behaviors of an individual suffering from the condition are low self-esteem, overreacting, mood swings, drinking, and general body weakness.
In order to diagnose the condition, first, the therapist will conduct a physical examination to determine the physical heath of the patient. Second, the therapist will conduct a lab test to ensure proper functioning of the thyroid. Finally, the therapist will conduct a psychological evaluation to identify the behavior pattern of the patient.
In order to curb the condition, a patient suffering from the condition should change their lifestyle. For instance, they should be advised to exercise regular, monitor blood sugar, take healthy fats free from cholesterol, and above all, find passion in their life.
Stoke is caused when a section of the brain does not receive blood, this causes that section of the brain to stop working.
- Diabetes
- Smoking
- Heart diseases
- Gender and age
- Family history
- High blood pressure
The common signs and symptoms of stroke include sudden weakness or numbness, confusion (difficulties in speech and speaking), vision problems, dizziness, loss of balance, and severe headache.
During therapy, the physician will access the patient’s condition before and after stroke, this is vital in determining the extent of damage caused by the condition (Hesegwa, 2017)
In the case where the physician identifies signs of stroke, the doctor will take the patient for screening to identify the major causes of the stroke. From there, the doctor will prescribe an oral medication to reverse the condition.
Doctors can use MRI to detect the brain tissues that have been damaged by the stroke. The doctor will inject a colored dye in the blood vessels to determine the blood flow; this will give him a clue of the part f the brain that has been affected (Deijle, Kwakkel & Van, 2017).
Stroke patients sold be well educated and informed on the basic ways to prevent stroke. In this case, patients will be advised to lower their blood pressure, exercise frequently, lose weight, and quit smoking as this are the major contributing factors to stroke.
- Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is characterized by slow muscle contractions and prolonged relaxation period. The amount of ATPase myosin in the body decreases, which results in the slow release of and accumulation of calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum, decreasing relaxation. Hypothyroidism can also lead to increased levels of cholesterol in the body due to reduced catabolism.
It is important for an individual to know their risk factor as it can assist the doctor to recommend them for screening. This is because if the disease is not treated, it can lead to serious complications.
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The patients develop polyneuropathy and loss reflexes leading to general weakness.
Treatment of hypothyroidism involves the daily usage of the thyroid hormone. Nurses can also prescribe oral medications to the patients to reverse the symptoms and also regulate the hormonal levels.
This disease can be detected through different blood tests to show the levels of thyroid hormones in the body (Cooper & Pearce, 2017)
People can prevent themselves from developing the hypothyroidism condition by going for regular medical checkups, eating health and also indulging themselves in physical fitness exercises. The patient should be aware of the disease (Harada, Buring, Cook, Cobble, Kulkarni & Mora, 2017).
References
Bot, M., Middeldorp, van Nieuwenhuizen, & Penninx, (2017). Validity of LIDAS (LIfetime Depression Assessment Self-report): a self-report online assessment of lifetime major depressive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 47(2), 279-289.
Cooper, D. S., & Pearce, E. N. (2017). Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Hypothyroxinemia in Pregnancy 56(3), 56- 78
Deijle, Kwakkel, G., & Van (2017). Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent Cardiovascular Events After Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack. Stroke, 48(1), 174-179.
Harada, P. H., Buring, J. E., Cook, N. R., Cobble, M. E., Kulkarni, K. R., & Mora, S. (2017). Impact of Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Women. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 1(2), 113-123.
Hasegawa, M. (2017). Molecular Biology of Dementia with Lewy Bodies. In Dementia with Lewy Bodies (pp. 41-55). Springer Japan.
Stott & Baumgartner, C. (2017). Thyroid Hormone Therapy for Older Adults with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. New England Journal of Medicine.
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