screening tools for anxiety disorders and depression

1.On pages 68 and 69 are screening tools for anxiety disorders and depression, state and explain the two different assessments.

What will you give as appropriate instructions throughout the examination?

The Screening tools mentioned by Jarvis 2020 are the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD 7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).The GAD-7 includes seven questions used to identify patients with anxiety.

Initially, screening patients with a GAD-2, consisting of the first two questions of GAD-7.

If a score of three or more is obtained in GAD-2, then GAD-7 is performed.

Four options are given to the patient for them to answer each question, including: “not at all’ which scored as 0; “several days” scored as 1; “more than half the days” scored as 2; and “nearly every day” scored as 3.

Scoring 10 or more on GAD-7 identifies patients for generalized anxiety disorders and depending on the highest score of the GAD-7, the severity of anxiety can be determined.

GAD-7 can also screen patients for panic disorders, social anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD).

The PHQ-9 is the questionary used to screen patients for depression, and it usually follows a PHQ-2 that includes the first two questions of the PHQ-9 (same as the GAD-7 and GAD-2).

This screening test also consists of four options as a choice for patients to respond, and those are precisely the same as mentioned in GAD-7 in the previous paragraph.

Like in GAD-7, depending on the score, the patient will be identified with depression and how severe it can be.

In this health, the questionnaire must pay attention to the final score since the patient can indicate functional impairment if the last question is identified as “somewhat difficult” or greater than that (Jarvis, 2020).

As appropriate instructions throughout the examination, are fundamental to explain to the patient what we will do. Ask the patient to interrupt if any questions are not transparent or if a question needs to be asked to the nurse.

It is imperative to establish good communication with the patient from the beginning and build a relationship. The use of the appropriate language plays a vital role during the complete interview.

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2.Contrast the use and settings for the following alcohol screening tools: AUDIT; AUDIT-C, CAGE questionnaire (use the Jarvis 8th edition).

Alcohol use disorder is the model of alcohol consumption to include issues controlling drinking in a person, and the continued use of alcohol when it can cause a problem, (Mayo Clinic, 2018)Jarvis 2020 mentions the different screening tests to identify a problem with drinking and when a person needs a thorough assessment.

Screening tools include AUDIT, AUDIT-C, and CAGE.AUDIT detects less severe problems.

It screens patients for consumption, drinking behavior, or dependence and adverse consequences, while AUDIT-C screen patients for grave drinking conduct and active alcohol abuse, as well as helping examiners discriminate heavy and at-risk drinking from low-risk drinking in less than two minutes.

On the other hand, CAGE tests patients for life alcohol abuse and does not distinguish past problems from the present active situation. CAGE is more effective in men and is usually used in primary care settings, like AUDIT, while AUDIT-C is using in acute critical care units.