PSY113 Child And Adolescent Psychology

Question:

Discuss how attachment influences emotion development in children and how it influences their behaviour motivation.

Make sure you address the role dependency plays in the formation and maintenance of attachment.2.

Discuss how early experiences can have a negative impact on the growth and development.

Be sure to pay attention to how each domain of development influences the other and thus impact your emotional development.

3. Discuss how undue aggressive and unresolved opposing behaviours can influence emotional growth during childhood and adolescence.

Think about the roles of temperament, genders, families, peers, society, and resilience in your answer.4.

Discuss the importance of social relationships in shaping a sense and perception of self.

Make sure you answer the question with a Theory of Mind. This will help you to connect self-awareness to emotional growth.

Answer to Question: PSY113 Child And Adolescent Psychology

1: The mental development of humans is dependent on the interaction between nurture and nature.

Within the wider social environment, there is a long-term process for mutual adaptation that begins after the birth.

The early stages of a child’s life are a blueprint for the future. These early interactions can be used to model the relationships and patterns that will emerge in later years.

Bowlby states that children can become attached to an early-age caregiver when they are sick or tired.

Research has shown that attachments tend to form with responsive caregivers, most often mothers, between six months and two years of age.

The child receives a consistent and adequate amount nurturing and physical care during this time.

Bowlby’s significant contribution in this field was to show that close relationships with young children and infants, as well as their caregivers, are crucial for their continued development.

Responding and sensitive care giving are key characteristics for positive behavior in caregiving during this period.

These qualities are important in helping to stimulate the children’s mental and physical development.

For infants, sensitivity can be considered an important awareness feature.

These help the infants develop their vocalization and make sure they act in accordance with the signals they are given.

Caregivers who are more responsive to signals the child sends tend to make it easier for them to respond to these signals in a more flexible and appropriate manner.

Attachment theory states the parent-child relationship is the foundation of a child’s later life.

In the early years of life, a human child cannot exist on its own. They require constant care and physical nurturing from their caregivers.

This dependency between the caregivers and the child also serves as an attachment formula for the child.

It is very possible that a child will lack attachment later on if it is not nurtured well in their early years.

2: A greater number of events in one’s early years can cause stress, which may lead to a prolonged stress phase.

Adversity during childhood refers to a large number of exposures in childhood, many of which are negative. They can include physical and sexual abuse, chronic poverty, and institutional rearing.

Numerous previous studies show that childhood adversity is an important factor that leads to the development of psychopathology as an adult and adolescent.

Smith, Cowie & Blades (2015) indicated that those who have had adverse childhood experiences have a higher risk of developing various mental disorders, such as anxiety, mood swings, behavior issues, and depression.

According to a recent study, more than 30 percent of the general population are likely to develop mental disorders in later life because of negative childhood experiences.

Additional to childhood traumas, deprivation can have a profound psychological impact on one’s mental well-being.

Repeated experiences with deprivation, adversity and other negative circumstances can result in psychological resilience. It is the ability to adapt to daily activities that are socially unacceptable.

This is a process that develops unique personal skills.

There are many things that help individuals to build and maintain resilience.

A person can become more confident and positive about themselves after acquiring the ability (Goldberg (2014)).

They are also able to create realistic plans and take steps to achieve them.

These traits are not usually inherited but they can be developed gradually.

But, emotional regulation can be developed that can help an individual retrieve, remember and connect with the information they already have.

But, people who have had traumatic or deprived childhood experiences tend to be slower at developing emotional competence.

The individual’s expression is controlled by their emotional suppression.

Early experiences have a tendency to influence each of the developmental phases. It can therefore affect cognitively, emotionally, and socially (Hill & Tisdall 2014.

Because these developmental stages are linked internally, such experiences can influence them.

Emotional development of an individual is indicative of the correct interpretation of situations. However, developmental obstacles in this area can also hinder cognitive development and weaken language learning.

3: Emotional development of an individual is a complex procedure.

Even though the process is natural in humans, it can be unpredictable in others. This is especially true for children.

Each child is unique, as each person has a different genetic makeup and is affected by different environmental factors.

The emotional development of children between the ages of three and eleven years can be affected by anxiety, unresolved aggression, and unresolved opposing behavior.

These early emotional skills can make a significant difference in emotion understanding, expressions, as well as behavior, during later years, which is usually between 12 and 19 years old.

In other words, emotional development can be affected by learning how to see the interactions between environment and physiological factors.

Both aggression, aggression, anxiety and oppositional behavior during childhood and adolescence can have a significant impact on mental development.

Emotional experiences during the early years of life have a similar effect on brain development. Different emotional types are affected (Immordino Yang, Gotlieb 2017).

Payne & Isaacs (2017) reported that children who were exposed to such aversive experiences as children are more at risk of developing adjustment problems.

Many factors can contribute to children having behavioral problems.

In addition to difficulty in adjustment, children who are exposed to adverse family experiences have a greater chance of developing behavioral problems.

Children raised in adverse circumstances are more likely to develop better adjustment skills later in life.

This may indicate the psychological resilience of children raised in difficult or challenging circumstances.

Newman & Newman (2015) found that peer socialization can have a negative effect on an individual’s psychological resilience and reinforce the need for harsh and punitive relationships.

The study also found that children who live with less loving mothers but have been accepted by peers are more likely to experience behavioral problems.

Social provision can be attributed to the friendships which include intimacy, trust and support. These features do not impact the social development of children.

The most severe mental problems are usually seen in men, while females exhibit more restraint and aggression.

The researchers did not discover a direct relationship between the emotional development of the child’s childhood and later life experience, but this can certainly have a major impact on behavioral issues within the family and in peer groups.

4: Every child gets information from birth that helps them to build their identity.

For the first time, toddlers tend to kick or grab other objects in order to experience their influence on various functions of the world.

Their natural self awareness is demonstrated by their ability to learn and use languages that are relevant to them.

As they get older, the child starts to develop self-conscious emotions, such as pride and shame.

The reflexive activities create the idea of one’s own self.

This concept is also connected to the idea one has about their self as the spiritual, moral, and physical being.

Newman & Newman (2017) have defined self as the sum of an individual’s thoughts or feelings, with an object as its subject.

Human beings can be complex and varied.

Individuals tend to focus on the main personality traits. These include personal habits and values as well as emotions.

Individuals develop their personality and self awareness by identifying and expressing their needs and values.

Children can also grow their awareness through social interactions.

The theory is the ability to assign mental states like thoughts, beliefs or pretensions.

To the self, this helps them to see that others also feel the same way.

This is only possible when an individual begins to develop self awareness and engages in social interactions.

These interactions can help an individual develop self awareness.

Reference ListDowling, M. (2014).

Personal, social and emotional development of young children. Sage.Goldberg, S. (2014).

Attachment, development. Routledge.Hart, K. (2015).

The influence of maternal mental and attachment factors on the mother’s attachment during pregnancy (No. DPsych (Clin)).

Deakin Univeristy.Hill, M., & Tisdall, K. (2014).

Children and society. Routledge.Immordino-Yang, M. H., & Gotlieb, R. (2017).

Embodied brains: Social minds, cultural meaning. Integrating neuroscientific & educational research on socio-affective developmental.

American Educational Research Journal (54_1_suppl), 344S-367S.Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (2015).

Theories of human evolution.

Psychology Press.Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (2017).

Development through the life: A psychosocial perspective. Cengage Learning.Payne, V. G., & Isaacs, L. D. (2017). Human motor development: A lifespan approach. Routledge.Pearce, C. (2016).

A brief introduction to attachment and attachment disorder. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2016).

Autonomy and autonomy disturbances in self?Development of Psychopathology: Research on Attachment, Motivation, and the Clinical Process. Developmental psychopathology.Smith, P. K., Cowie, H., & Blades, M. (2015). Understanding children’s development.

John Wiley & Sons.Wan, J., Lu, Y., Wang, B., & Zhao, L. (2016).

How attachment influences users’ willingness of to donate to content creators through social media: A sociotechnical systems perspective.

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