NURSING 7204 Clinical Nursing Practice
Question:
The results of your observations
• If stating that the results are normal/ abnormal you will be expected to discuss what is normal and be able to link it to your evidence.
• Draw together your findings for the body of the report.
Answer:
Introduction:
Temperature management of the patient is a crucial area of clinical practice, particularly for nursing students and staffs. Maintenance of body temperature is vital part of healthy human being. Maintenance of body temperature in an individual helps to enhance the body metabolism by restoring the proper functions of the enzyme. Support of body temperature also crucial for minimising the oxygen use and protecting the body from any disease in a human being (Sherwood 2015). However, an increase of temperature and decrease of it detected as an adverse outcome of any disease. Health care expertise in the hospital such as nurses should observe and take the precaution for avoiding such thing. Therefore, this focus will illustrate the rational skills and evidence to manage temperature rise inpatient, result and discussion
Discussion:
Nursing skills required for the observing temperature of patients:
The temperature of the body differs for every individual concerning age, race and gender. The average temperature of the body for every human being is 37-degree centigrade. However, the temperature can fluctuate from 36 to 38 degree, but temperature over 38 defined as abnormal temperature and individuals consider as sick (Kakria, Tripathi and Kitipawang 2018). The rise in temperature affects the ability of the body to work efficiently. Therefore, being the most trusted health care professionals, nurses require a specific skill set to address and understand the reason behind the rising in temperature and give care accordingly to the patient. Specific skill sets for observing patients are the following:
- It is always sensible to check the temperature first along with the blood pressure of the patient when the patient first admitted to the hospital. If the patient says that he or she is feeling unwell, nurses should check any symptoms of flush in face or patients started shivering or not due to fever.
- A routine check of the temperature every 4 hours requires (Wu, Lv and Chen 2017). For checking the temperature, skills for using a thermometer is required. Standard thermometer no longer used in healthcare premises instead replaced by electric thermostat and nurses should know how to operate the thermometer (Roshni et al. 2016)
- Blood pressure should be checked if the patient has a high body temperature. For testing the blood pressure, nurses require skills to operate sphygmomanometer.
- Nurses should need the skills to manage the warming device for treating the patient.
- Nurses should know how to measure the normal ph of the body and if there is any disruption of homeostasis by external organism or toxins.
Steps require completing the skills:
Steps need for achieving the skills are the following:
- Nurses should check the body temperature by putting a thermometer to the mouth of underarms.
- If any severe condition addressed then, nurses should notify the doctor and provide ware cloths or blanket to the patient and provide a meal to adjust the temperature.
- Nurses should record the health issues in a medical chart and notify the doctor of the health status from time to time.
- Nurses should note blood pressure differences in every 4 hours and should provide mental support for overcoming health problem.
Homeostasis and its physiological regulation:
Homeostasis defined as the biological process of self-regulation where every organism tend to maintain stability by adjusting the condition which is optimal for healthy living (Daymont, Bonafide and Brady 2015). The critical player of homoeostasis is a nervous system that keeps the homeostatic in breathing pattern. The nervous system ensures that adequate oxygen should inhale by an individual to maintain homeostasis. Maintenance of homeostasis is required to maintain the body temperature, salt and water concentration and metabolism. Hypothalamus of the brain sense the body temperature if it is too cold and send a signal to muscles to maintain the average temperature of the body (Hirai et al. 2017). Endocrine system is also crucial for maintaining homeostasis. However, five factors can influence homeostasis and disrupt the stability of the body. These factors are temperature, Salt and sugar concentration of the body, presence of any toxins in the body (Florencio-Silva et al. 2015). Elevation or decrease or these factors by any abnormal conditions such s disease can disrupt the homeostasis of the body. Subsequently, central nervous system sends signals to peripheral nerves, which eventually has an effect in body metabolism (Jessen et al. 2017). A scenario was given below to understand the issues.
A 35 years old women admitted to the hospital and evaluation by medical expertise stated that the urinary tract infection. Nurses observed that she had flushed cheeks, she was shivering, and she has inflammation during urination and blood in urine. When measured by a thermometer, the temperature observed was 40-degree centigrade. Her blood pressure was also high.
The result of the observation of scenario:
From the above scenario, nurses observed the abnormal rise of temperature in-patient. According to medical researchers, the average body temperature should be 38-degree centigrade, whereas patients had 40-degree centigrade which is abnormal temperature for healthy human being (Taylor, Tipton and Kenny 2014). The rise of temperature disrupted her homeostasis to maintain the homeostasis the increase in temperature observed. The blood pressure of the patient was systolic 130 and diastolic 80 , which is abnormal compared to normal human being (Vidal-Petiot et al. 2016). To get a proper observation, nurses should communicate with a patient with empathy and assure the patient that he or she will overcome the disease. Nurses should interact with the family members of patients to inform them about the protocol of the treatment and assure the family to give the family-centric care and mental support to overcome the disease soon.
Conclusion:
Thus, it can be concluded that a rise of temperature gradually disrupts the homeostasis of the body. Homeostasis disruption also influenced by other factors. As healthcare expertise, nurses should know how to address temperature fluctuations by observing acquiring skills such as operating thermometers, operating warming machines and how to check blood pressure. For observing patients accurately, nurses need to communicate with patients with empathy and should be transparent about the treatment protocol. By acquiring these skills, any nurses can increase the potency and save lives by collaborating with doctors.
References:
Daymont, C., Bonafide, C.P. and Brady, P.W., 2015. Heart rates in hospitalized children by age and body temperature. Pediatrics, pp.peds-2014.
Florencio-Silva, R., Sasso, G.R.D.S., Sasso-Cerri, E., Simões, M.J. and Cerri, P.S., 2015. Biology of bone tissue: structure, function, and factors that influence bone cells. BioMed research international, 2015.
Hirai, T., Kuroiwa, Y., Nakane, S., Takahashi, K., Yokoyama, N., Ikeda, T., Nakamura, A., Fujino, K., Kawabata, Y., Baba, Y. and Nakamura, I., 2017. Impaired homeostasis of the autonomic nervous system and radioisotope cisternoscintigraphic abnormality in Japanese females vaccinated against human papilloma virus. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 381, pp.114-115.
Jessen, L., Smith, E.P., Ulrich-Lai, Y., Herman, J.P., Seeley, R.J., Sandoval, D. and D’alessio, D., 2017. Central nervous system GLP-1 receptors regulate islet hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis in male rats. Endocrinology, 158(7), pp.2124-2133.
Kakria, P., Tripathi, N. K., and Kitipawang, P. 2015. A real-time health monitoring system for remote cardiac patients using smartphone and wearable sensors. International journal of telemedicine and applications,. 8.
Roshni, F.S., Zahid, A., Daniel, G., Hussain, Z., Germoni, F. and Hossain, A., 2016. Table of organization and equipment for 10-20-50-250-and 500-bed hospitals in bangladesh: standardization of medical equipment. Submitted to the US Agency for International Development by the Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services (SIAPS) Program. Arlington, VA: Management Sciences for Health.
Sherwood, L., 2015. Human physiology: from cells to systems. Cengage learning.
Vidal-Petiot, E., Ford, I., Greenlaw, N., Ferrari, R., Fox, K.M., Tardif, J.C., Tendera, M., Tavazzi, L., Bhatt, D.L., Steg, P.G. and CLARIFY investigators, 2016. Cardiovascular event rates and mortality according to achieved systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with stable coronary artery disease: an international cohort study. The Lancet, 388(10056), pp.2142-2152.
Wu, X., Lv, S. and Chen, J., 2017. Determination of the optimum heat transfer coefficient and temperature rise analysis for a Lithium-ion battery under the conditions of Harbin city bus driving cycles. Energies, 10(11), p.1723.
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