NURSING 7105 Acute Care Nursing I
Question:
Write a report on the given topic
Topic:
A major risk factor for coronary artery disease is hypertension. Therapeutic lifestyle change such as reducing fat and sugar intake should begin early in people who are at risk of hypertension. Agree/disagree and discuss the hearth impacts of your viewpoint using evidence based research.
Answer:
Introduction
Coronary artery disease is a major heart disease occurred mainly when the oxygen supplying arteries are failed to supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart(Arbab-Zadeh, & Fuster, 2015) Hypertension is not the only reason of this disease. The role of gender, diabetes type 1 and ethnicity in the disease development is discussed.
Diabates Type-1
Coronary artery disease is one of the major predominant among the patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) or diabetes type-1. It seen that, DM is a risk factor for the coronary artery disease. The prevalence rate of DM in patient’s having coronary heart disease is almost 50% in many countries in the world. The DM patients have problems like insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and that drives them towards the malfunction of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. The lipid- riched atherosclerosis plaques of diabetic patients is mainly responsible for the coronary artery disease development (De Ferranti et al., 2014).
Gender
Coronary artery disease is also very much gender specific and it is seen that , the onset of coronary artery disease is 7-10 year late in women than in men. The endogenous estrogen women prevent the onset of atherosclerotic disease in women. Estrogen may play a regulating role on various metabolic factors like lipids, coagulant system and inflammatory markers. They also cause vasodilation of the vessel wall through beta and alpha receptors (Khamis, Ammari, & Mikhail, 2016).
Ethnicity
Coronary artery disease is also associated with ethnicity of the people . It is seen in a study in America that the rate of prevalence of coronary artery disease is more in the white than black male population. The rate is 7.2 % for the black male and 7.8% for the white. In addition to this , the prevalence rate in Asian is almost estimated 3.7% and that is lower than the normal population(Leigh, Alvarez & Rodriguez, 2016).
Conclusion
Lastly, it can be concluded that , the coronary artery disease is not only associated with hypertension, but also there are other non-modifiable factors that can induce coronary artery disease.
References
Arbab-Zadeh, A., & Fuster, V. (2015). The myth of the “vulnerable plaque”: transitioning from a focus on individual lesions to atherosclerotic disease burden for coronary artery disease risk assessment. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 65(8), 846-855.
De Ferranti, S. D., De Boer, I. H., Fonseca, V., Fox, C. S., Golden, S. H., Lavie, C. J., … & Zinman, B. (2014). Type 1 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association. Circulation, 130(13), 1110-1130.
Khamis, R. Y., Ammari, T., & Mikhail, G. W. (2016). Gender differences in coronary heart disease. Heart, heartjnl-2014.
Leigh, J. A., Alvarez, M., & Rodriguez, C. J. (2016). Ethnic minorities and coronary heart disease: an update and future directions. Current atherosclerosis reports, 18(2), 9.
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