NURS6711 Palliative Care
Question:
To begin, work through the reference list that was created in the “Section B: Problem Description” assignment in Topic 2. Appraise each resource using the “Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklists,” available in the textbook appendix. The specific checklist you use will be determined by the type of evidence within the resource.
Develop a research table to organize and summarize the research studies. Using a summary table allows you to be more concise in your narrative description. Only research studies used to support your intervention are summarized in this table. Refer to the “Evaluation Table Template,” available in the textbook appendix. Use the “Evaluation Table Template” as an adaptable template.
Write a narrative of (not including the title page and references) that presents the research support for the projects problem and proposed solution. Make sure to do the following:
Include a description of the search method
Summarize all of the research studies used as evidence. The essential components of each study need to be described so that readers can evaluate its scientific merit, including study strengths and limitations.
Incorporate a description of the validity of the internal and external research.
It is essential to make sure that the research support for the proposed solution is sufficient, compelling, relevant, and from peer-reviewed professional journal articles.
Although you will not be submitting the checklist information or the evaluation table you design in Topic 3 with the narrative, the checklist information and evaluation table should be placed in the appendices for the final paper.
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, refine “Section C: Literature Support” for your final submission. This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section.
Answer:
Introduction
Terminal illness patients experience numerous symptoms, spiritual, and emotional distress. Additionally, the life of the patients deteriorates in each passing day (Chang, & Chang, 2015). Terminal diseases are incurable conditions that lead to the death of the patient. Examples of terminal ailments include HIV/AIDS, cancer, liver disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and cardiomyopathy (Lam et al., 2018). A majority of caregivers have relied on traditional methods of care which have proved unreliable in the terminally ill patients (Kirkpatrick, Cantrell, & Smeltzer, 2017). However, recent research has demonstrated that palliative care is more effective than traditional care model in caring for the patients (Kelley, & Morrison, 2015). The PICOT question can assist to evaluate the strengths of palliative care over traditional treatment methods (Triplett et al., 2017). The question is a population of patients with a terminal disease (P) and Impact of early integration of palliative care (I). Comparison of traditional care with palliative care (C), improving the quality of life (O) within six months (T). This paper will explore peer-reviewed sources that support palliative care over the traditional model.
Description of Search Methodology
The content of this proposal is from different databases that enumerate the advantages of palliative care over the traditional model. The databases contain adequate information on healthcare; hence supporting the choice of the articles. The journal articles are from databases such as PubMed, CINHAL, and ebscohost.com Cochrane. The research used articles published between 2014 and 2018 from PubMed. Furthermore, the articles from the database focus on the essence of end-of-life care. The investigation acquired adequate information on terminal illness and the solution to the infections from the Cochrane database. The inclusive criteria involve articles that have been published from 2014 and 2018 under the topic “advantages of palliative care over the traditional model.” The proposal left out articles that do not meet the above criteria. The keywords that investigators used include terminal illness, palliative care, and traditional care model. Other research words are spiritual and emotional distress.
Summary of Research Studies
Recent research indicates that palliative care bridges the gap that exists in traditional models of care by ensuring quality treatment (Davis, Temel, Balboni, & Glare, 2015). However, the article discourages caregivers from late end-of-life care; since it is detrimental to hospitals, family members, and the patients. The write-up further challenges the investigators to explore the advantages of early end-of-life care on the patients (Davis et al., 2015). The research confirms the essence of early intervention by conducting a methodological review of patients under the home unit of palliative care and those at hospitals. However, positive reviews lacked relevant information on the topic under study. The study indicates that palliative care improves the symptoms of terminal illnesses like depression. The attention also enhances the quality of the patient’s life among other advantages.
A group of investigators researched to investigate the impacts of early end-of-life care on cancer patients (Rohrmoser, Preisler, Bär, Letsch, & Goerling, 2017). The purpose of the study was to prove the fact that early palliative care reduces depression and anxiety among patients. The methodology of the research focused on nine caregivers from different disciplines in Germany. The investigation concludes that structural improvement, tailored education, and supervision help caregivers to implement palliative care. However, the weakness of the study is that it lacks sufficient assertion of the doctors on the methods of intervention. The researchers can solve the problem by considering the input of each caregiver.
Description of Internal and External Validity
The validity of a research proposal is the effectiveness of the methodology and design of the investigation (Evans et al., 2015). This proposal will achieve internal validity by determining the soundness and accuracy of the study. The research will employ chi-square and t-tests to establish the relationship of the variables that the paper has cited. Furthermore, the study will apply SPSS to explore the research variables. The suggested solution will be deemed sufficient and relevant if the variables have a relationship. External Validity confirms the authenticity of the results by creating room for generalizability. The application of random sampling techniques brings the aspect of generalization in the study.
Conclusion
Terminal illness causes profound symptoms, spiritual, and emotional distress to the patients. Specific examples of the ailments include HIV/AIDS, cancer, and liver disease among others. Caregivers have been applying the traditional model as opposed to palliative care to manage the complications. The conventional methods have proven ineffective in caring for the terminally-ill patients. This has made caregivers to explore the advantages of end-of-life care over the traditional care model. Palliative care improves the symptoms of the diseases and the quality of the patient’s lives. Researchers should also consider the aspect of validity in their research. Internal and external validity help to generate relevant and sound results.
References
Chang, H. Y., & Chang, H. L. (2015). A review of nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and ability to communicate the risks and benefits of complementary and alternative medicine. Journal of clinical nursing, 24(11-12), 1466-1478.
Davis, M. P., Temel, J. S., Balboni, T., & Glare, P. (2015). A review of the trials which examine the early integration of outpatient and home palliative care for patients with serious illnesses. Annals of palliative medicine, 4(3), 99-121. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2224-5820.2015.04.04
Evans, S. C., Roberts, M. C., Keeley, J. W., Blossom, J. B., Amaro, C. M., Garcia, A. M., … & Reed, G. M. (2015). Vignette methodologies for studying clinicians’ decision-making: validity, utility, and application in ICD-11 field studies. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 15(2), 160-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2014.12.001
Kelley, A. S., & Morrison, R. S. (2015). Palliative care for the seriously ill. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(8), 747-755.
Kirkpatrick, A. J., Cantrell, M. A., & Smeltzer, S. C. (2017). Palliative care simulations in undergraduate nursing education: An integrative review. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 13(9), 414-431.
Lam, P. L., Lam, T. C., Choi, C. W., Lee, A. W. M., Yuen, K. K., & Leung, T. W. (2018). The impact of palliative care training for oncologists and integrative palliative service in a public-funded hospital cluster—a retrospective cohort study. Supportive Care in Cancer, 26(5), 1393-1399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-017-3963-6
Rohrmoser, A., Preisler, M., Bär, K., Letsch, A., &Goerling, U. (2017). Early integration of palliative/supportive cancer care-healthcare professionals’ perspectives on the support needs of cancer patients and their caregivers across the cancer treatment trajectory. Supportive care in cancer: official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 25(5), 1621-1627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-017-3587-x
Triplett, D. P., LeBrett, W. G., Bryant, A. K., Bruggeman, A. R., Matsuno, R. K., Lindsay, H., & … Murphy, J. D. (2017). Effect of Palliative Care on Aggressiveness of End-of-Life Care Among Patients With Advanced Cancer. Journal Of Oncology Practice, 13(9), e760-e769. doi:10.1200/JOP.2017.020883
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