NSG2NMR Nursing And Midwifery Research
Questions:
Answers:
I would focus on reliable sources of data both primary and secondary. They would include field sources who are mainly the living persons who have profound knowledge in the nursing profession and intimate contact with trends in healthcare (Clamp, et al., 2005). The other source is online database such as MEDLINE and CINAHL that forms the secondary evidence of practice, meta-analysis and nursing practice founded on research. The third source would be historical data and tradition on contemporary nursing practices (Wolters-Kluwer & Williams, n.d.).
EBP describes the integration of findings of research with patient values and clinical expertise (Ellis, 2016). It is mainly client/ patient oriented and seeks to provide optimal healthcare services on a personal basis (Barker, 2009). The principles are; 1). Integration of expert opinion/ clinical expertise, 2). Interpretation of external scientific findings and 3). Integration of patient/ caregiver values (Glasziou, et al., 2008).
The John’s Hopkins nursing evidence based practice model called Ottawa research model particularly address the practice nurse needs through the adoption of a three step practice known as PET: practice question, evidence and translation (Dang & Dearholt, 2018). There is also the Lowa model of research in practice and Stetler model of research utilization that assist practioners to evaluate the application of research findings in practice (Rycroft-Malone & Bucknall, 2010).
The model describes a five stage process that is used in transforming knowledge into practice and is perceived as a cycle (Nelson & Staggers, 2014). The first stage is discovery that represents the process of research. The second stage is evidence summary that outlines evidence development. The third stage is translation used to form clinical procedures, protocols and practice guidelines (White & Brown, 2012). The fourth stage is integration that represents implementation of guidelines and the fifth being the evaluation stage used to monitor the expected outcomes.
The way researchers collect evidence is usually guided by a given set of rules as outlined below; validity, currency, sufficiency and authenticity.
Healthcare requires considerable nursing and medical competence and experiences of a life on a personal level (Walshe & Smith, 2011). Therefore, to ensure the quality of care, there is the need for development of skills through training, supervisors, nursing staff and leadership to facilitate the implementation of EBP activities. One needs to consider the setting and involve personnel of healthcare who are at the point of care to help choose and priotize initiatives for safety of patients.
The evidence based practice seeks to translate knowledge with an objective of enhancing the nursing practice. On the other hand, quality improvement focuses on improving the processes of patient care as well as outcomes in a particular context of healthcare. It captures the combined and unrelenting efforts of everyone, that is, planners, researcher, patient and their families, professional in healthcare, payers and educators. On the other hand, evidence based practice adopts a lifelong approach by nursing professionals to clinical practice through a systematic research, its synthesis and appraisal, patient values and preferences. For example, the exercise of implementing a new (EBP) clinical guidelines at facility with the goal of reducing or preventing extravasation of chemotherapy for patients getting vesicant therapy. The projects of quality improvement (QI) do not engage extensive reviews of literature and are specifically for one facility. For example, assessment and implementation of policies for removal of urinary catheter with an objective of achieving it within a definite time period.
The researcher should at the following aspects; relevance, currency, accuracy, authenticity and purpose. The researcher proceeds to determine the author of the information source. One evaluates the author’s credentials. For instance, if he/ she is recognized in the field as an expert and whether they represent an organization. The next step is to establish how the source obtains its information by looking at the references provided to ensure that they are reliable. The third step is fact checking the provided information if the source found by the researcher do not have any references.
The researcher should consider the sensitivity of cultural practices and customs of a given population being researched on. It helps to connect with community members emotionally and culturally. The other aspect is their language in order to identify with the subjects in the field. The third aspect is their values and beliefs to create rapport.
References
Barker, J., 2009. Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses. s.l.:SAGE.
Clamp, C., Gough, S. & Land, L., 2005. Resources for Nursing Research An Annotated Bibliography. 4 ed. s.l.:London SAGE Publications Ann Arbor, Michigan ProQuest.
Dang, D. & Dearholt, S., 2018. Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice : model and guidelines. 3 ed. Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau International.
Ellis, P., 2016. Evidence-based practice in nursing. 3 ed. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications ; London : Leaning Matters.
Glasziou, P., Aronson, J. K. & Irwig, L., 2008. Evidence-based medical monitoring : from principles to practice. Malden, Mass ; Oxford: Blackwell Pub./BMJI Books.
Nelson, R. & Staggers, N., 2014. Health informatics : an interprofessional approach. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby.
Parahoo, K., 2014. Nursing Research.. s.l.:Palgrave Macmillan.
Rycroft-Malone, J. & Bucknall, T., 2010. Models and frameworks for implementing evidence-based practice : linking evidence to action.. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Tilley, S. & Watson, R., 2004. Accountability in nursing and midwifery. 2 ed. Oxford ; Malden, Mass: Blackwell Science.
Walshe, K. & Smith, J., 2011. Healthcare Management. 2 ed. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education.
White, K. M. & Brown, S. D., 2012. Translation of evidence into nursing and health care practice. New York: Springer Pub. Co.
Wolters-Kluwer & Williams, L., n.d. Essentials of Nursing Research, 7th Edition, Polit & Beek, 2010: Essentials of Nursing Research. 7 ed. s.l.:Bukupedia.
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