NRS222 Mental Health Nursing
Question:
Answer:
Schizophrenia Mental Health Disorder
Schizophrenia is a type of health disorder which is characterized by a set of symptoms. This mental disorder is including hallucinations, behavior, delusions, and disorganized speech. The disorder often outputs from both symptoms such as negative and cognitive symptoms. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which a person feels delusions, hallucinations and behavior change. There are various treatments for this disease like medication, hospitalization and consulting with medical healthcare professionals. Schizophrenia affects the cognitive abilities of a person. It creates various barriers for their treatment. Sometimes these barriers can be from the doctor’s side (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2014). There are certain ways through which these barriers can be avoided and a healthy and informative relation between patient and doctor can be maintained. All this depends upon the communication process of the doctor. The theory of schizophrenia includes the motion of glutamate, neurotransmitter in the brain. Heterogeneity of this mental disorder has resulted in an absence of consensus. Environmental and factors are also responsible for the development of schizophrenia disorder (Mayo Clinic, 2018).
According to the DSM-5th edition, a diagnosis of this mental disorder can be reached by an assessment of human signs and symptoms. According to the DSM-5, the criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia can be the continuation of particular symptoms for a minimum one month period. These symptoms are hallucination, delusions, speech disorientation and isolated behavior. In which minimum one of the symptoms must be behavior, hallucination, and delusions. For the diagnosis of schizophrenia disorder, a person must show a reduced level of work, and self-care. A comprehensive diagnosis of this mental disorder is compulsory to distinguish from other situations such as schizophrenia disorder, obsessive and compulsive disorder, dimorphic, and depressive disorder. There are many treatment options regarding schizophrenia disorder such as Non-pharmacological therapy, pharmacological therapy, and augmentation therapy. A doctor may use diagnostic criteria of this disorder in which DSM-5 can be used to diagnose schizophrenia. There are some steps can be used for diagnosis of schizophrenia such as physical exam, tests and screening, psychiatric estimation, and DSM-5 criteria (Science the earth, 2013). The person who suffers from schizophrenia disorder will show symptoms can be up to one month, and some disturbance over 6 months. There are two methods used for diagnosis of schizophrenia such as DSM-5, and ICD. DSM-5 is used in USA and ICD is generally used in UK and Europe. The diagnosis consists of four types of symptoms such as negative, hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders. Hallucinations can affect all body sensors such as auditory, visual, and gustatory (World health organization, 2018). Hearing the voices of the other person is the common hallucination, for example, voices of other persons. Negative symptoms occur due to many reasons such as lack of motivation, slow movement, lack of eye contact, and poor grooming. Delusion is a state in which a person believes in an idea despite he or she knows it is not true. Delusions are very common in people suffering from schizophrenia (in more than 90% patients). There are two methods can be used for prevention of schizophrenia such as intensive intervention program, and genetic selective breeding.
References
Mayo Clinic (2018) Diagnosis. [online] Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizophrenia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354449 [Accessed 10/07/18].
National Center for Biotechnology Information (2014) Schizophrenia: Overview and Treatment Options. [online] Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159061/pdf/ptj3909638.pdf [Accessed 10/07/18].
Science the earth (2013) DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS. [online] Available from: https://www.sciencetheearth.com/uploads/2/4/6/5/24658156/dsm-v-manual_pg490.pdf [Accessed 10/07/18].
World health organization (2018) towards earlier diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the brain. [online] Available from: https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/96/5/17-206599/en/ [Accessed 10/07/18].
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