HLT54115 Diploma Of Nursing
Question:
Answer:
Introduction:
Chemotherapy is one of the many treatment techniques which is used to treat infections such as cancer. Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs which are used to treat the tumors in the patient’s body. Chemotherapy drugs are categorized depending on their capability to kill the tumor cells in the body. These drugs are also administered depending on various factors such as age and the stage of the infection (Breugom et al., 2015). Healthcare professionals have to research so that they can set protocols which have to be followed when treating infection through chemotherapy. This is performed to ensure that safe medication is administered to the patient. Chemotherapy is treatment technique used to treat infections such as cancer tumors. Chemotherapy is considered a secondary treatment when there is no other option, but it can also be regarded as the primary treatment for infections like cancer. Chemotherapy is usually used to a patient after they undergo surgery or radiotherapy treatments so that it can clean up the leftovers of tumor cells which could not have been detected and removed from the body during the primary treatment. With the use of chemotherapy drugs, it easy to cure fasts growing cells which forms a mass called a tumor (Roepman et al., 2014). Chemotherapy drugs can be administered to a patient in a mixture, or just simply a single drug is supplied to the patient. Just like any other cell, tumor cells are found in various stages, and the drugs have to be administered depending on the stage of the tumor cells.
Some chemotherapy drugs are non-specific which means healthcare professionals can use them to treat cancer tumors at any stage. Others are specifics, and they can only be used to treat a particular stage of the cancer tumors (Beer et al., 2014). Both specific and non-specific drugs perform the same role of destroying cancerous cells so that they do not get the ability to divide and grow and eventually kills them. This prevents the tumor from growing and spreading to other parts of the body. The role of chemotherapy drugs is to target fast-growing cells which includes normal cells as well as cancer cells. Due to this reason, most people experience nausea, vomiting and they may start losing hair during chemotherapy because the cells which are found in the digestive tract and hair folic tend to have faster growth. Chemotherapy drugs can be administered to a patient in various ways. Depending on the type of drug or the severity of the infection to the patient, the drugs can just be administered orally or through use of disc-shaped polymer wafers. Chemotherapy drugs can also be injected directly to the veins of the patient with a needle (Witjes et al., 2014). Healthcare professionals observe various factors before they administer these drugs to a patient. These factors include the stage in which the infection is at, the overall well-being of the individual, previous cancer treatment methods used to a particular patient and the personal preferences which a patient gives to the healthcare professionals. Even though chemotherapy can be used to kill cancer cells, this technique also has negative impacts on the body of the patient.
References
Beer, T. M., Armstrong, A. J., Rathkopf, D. E., Loriot, Y., Sternberg, C. N., Higano, C. S., … & Davis, I. D. (2014). Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(5), 424-433.
Breugom, A. J., Swets, M., Bosset, J. F., Collette, L., Sainato, A., Cionini, L., … & Liefers, G. J. (2015). Adjuvant chemotherapy after preoperative (chemo) radiotherapy and surgery for patients with rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. The lancet oncology, 16(2), 200-207.
Roepman, P., Schlicker, A., Tabernero, J., Majewski, I., Tian, S., Moreno, V., … & Macarulla, T. (2014). Colorectal cancer intrinsic subtypes predict chemotherapy benefit, deficient mismatch repair and epithelial?to?mesenchymal transition. International journal of cancer, 134(3), 552-562.
Witjes, J. A., Compérat, E., Cowan, N. C., De Santis, M., Gakis, G., Lebret, T., … & Sherif, A. (2014). EAU guidelines on muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer: summary of the 2013 guidelines. European urology, 65(4), 778-792.
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