NURS4020 Improving Quality And Patient Safety

1.Ethical conduct is a rulebook, which is simply explaining about the right things. It includes rules for doing right things for human research. It shows about ‘do’s’ and ‘don’ts’ for human research. Human research is a way to innovate something new for betterment of people using their tissue or data. It has different risks in practice, and it requires too much care about planning for research (Gibson, et al., 2013).

Human research is beneficial for treatments and Australian law governs betterment in current treatments for the different types of disease, and it has rights for participants. It also imposes many responsibilities on the working researchers, as well as universities also.   Researchers are responsible for many things, such as research to minimize the risk, increase benefits and risk of the research. Risk is the likelihood that harm will occur. Ethics of conduct are used for assessment of risk and minimize the risk, if it will occur in the future. Harm means different types of side effects, which are occurred after the treatment or during the treatment, such as pain, physical harm, injury, and illness. Sometimes it is so high for not cure, such as psychological harm, social harms, legal harms, and economic harm.  Researchers are designing research projects for monitoring risks factor. It provides different ways to minimizing risk, as well as use for handling them (Coyne, 2010).   

There are three kinds of condition for research on people, which are mental illness, intellectual disability, and cognitive impairment. Mainly it is depends on the condition of the person, such as it is temporary or permanent, nature of the condition, treatment of person, discomfort level of person, and the research project complexity. In this case, the research design should take into account factors that may affect the capacity to receive information. Care should be taken to determine whether patient’s dementia increases their susceptibility. Ways of reducing effects should be describe in the research proposal. People should entitle to participate in research. Treatment should be beneficial for the patient and ensure him about risk and burden involved in the treatment (Holloway & Galvin, 2016).      

Treatment should be respectful for the people with dementia. Always take consent of people with dementia for participation in research by law. Patient has to decide about what should do in the risk condition. Researcher should explain abound all things to patient and advantages and disadvantages of the treatment, which will applied to recover pain in some conditions. It should be inform to HREC’s by researchers. Some things are described about patient to HREC’s are:

• How they decide about person capacity.
• Who will make that decision
• Criteria for making the decision
• The process of reviewing about the treatment

Refusal to participate in a research by a patient with dementia should be respected.       

2.In this scenario, according to different studies on the orthopedic surgery indicate that patient with dementia having less amount of analgesia after their surgery compared to other patients. However, there is nothing mention in a systematic review that what is suitable for the pain management based on drugs on the patient with dementia after orthopedic surgery. Risk factor is increase in the case of older people with dementia. As they have some restrictions, because of sensory or muscular in the age of 60 years (NHMRC, 2018). Drug-based pain management is too complex or crucial for patient with dementia. According to study, examine many nursing homes residents for treatment of patient with dementia after the orthopedic surgery. According to them, treatment with analgesics is better way and more significant not only in pain as well as in agitation and neuropsychiatric symptoms (Husebo, et al., 2011).    

Dementia is a disorder due to depression and many things; it is a type of mental illness.

Source: (Middleton & Yaffe, 2009)

Using some strategies, it can be prevent. There are different methods for prevention for dementia.

Vascular Risk Factor reduction:

The presence of cerebrovascular pathology appears to increase the risk of dementia. So reduce the vascular risk, so risk of dementia also reduced. People with high cholesterol in old age increase risk of vascular dementia. Cognitive activities are so beneficial for reducing risk of dementia. Recently, it is discovered that physical activities are so protective factor for reducing risk of dementia. It is observed that, physical fit person are having less dementia problem in early ages.   Short duration physical works or exercise trainings are helpful for improving cognitive performance (Whitehead, et al., 2012). Social engagement is a huge role to reduce dementia. People having good social network prevent dementia in the early ages. Reason of dementia will be reduce with a balanced diet plan, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Depression is also a big reason for dementia, especially older adults. Depression is a sign for dementia sometimes in early ages (Parahoo, 2014).    

Works Cited

Coyne, I., 2010. Research with children and young people: The issue of parental (proxy) consent.. Children & society, 24(3), pp. 227-237.

Gerrish, K. & Lacey, A., 2010. The research process in nursing.. 1st ed. London: John Wiley & Sons..

Gibson, S., Benson, O. & Brand, S. . L., 2013. Talking about suicide: Confidentiality and anonymity in qualitative research.. Nursing Ethics, 20(1), pp. 18-29.

Holloway, . I. & Galvin, K., 2016. Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare.. 1st ed. London: John Wiley & Sons..

NHMRC, 2018. National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007) – Updated 2018. [Online]
Available at: https://nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/publications/national-statement-ethical-conduct-human-research-2007-updated-2018
[Accessed 10 October 2018].

Parahoo, K., 2014. Nursing research: principles, process and issues.. 3rd ed. London: Macmillan International Higher Education..

Polit, D. F. & Beck, C. . T., 2008. Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. 8th ed. London: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Whitehead, . D., LoBiondo-Wood, G. & Haber, . J., 2012. Nursing and midwifery research: Methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice.. 5th ed. Australia: Elsevier Health Sciences.