NURS12155 Medical Surgical Nursing
Question:
A maximum of three (3) relevant, credible internet sources may be used.
Answer are to be written in a formal tone, without the use of colloquial or slang words.
Answers are to be written in the third person (he/she/it or they/them/ their).
Answers to be written clearly and concisely using correct spelling and grammer and written in complete sentences and paragraphs. Bullet points are NOT acceptable.
All answers must include in-text references and a reference list must be included at the end of the assessment.
Answer:
Introduction:
Answer: It is vital that the body temperature is maintained at optimum levels of approximately 37 degrees Celsius because of the body enzymes. According to Hall (2015), at higher temperatures, the body enzymes denature becoming inactive thus losing their function. At lower body temperatures, the enzymes become ineffective as their function slow down.
Answer: During very hot conditions, sweat is produced by sweat glands. The liquid retains heat hence it is lost as sweat evaporates from the skin surface. The skin hairs lie flat to prevent trapping any air that insulates. Blood flow increases to the skin surface as a result of vasodilation leading to the loss of more heat through radiation (Hall, 2015).
When it is very cold, the hairs on the surface of the skin usually stand up. Air is trapped and heat retained. Little blood flow to the skin surface occurs as a result of vasoconstriction. There is little loss of heat. Shivering results in heat production in the body (Hall, 2015).
Answer: According to Better Health Channel (2014), it is crucial in the cell wall functioning process hence its transport throughout the body matters. It is also used in making other important substances such as hormones in our body.
LDL: They are also called ‘bad’ cholesterol. On their surfaces, they have protein carrier molecules called apolipoprotein B. LDL transports cholesterol from the liver to other body cells (Better Health Channel, 2014).
HDL: They are also called ‘good’ cholesterol. On their surface, they have carrier proteins that are called apolipoprotein A. Their role is to transport the excess cholesterol in the body to the liver (Better Health Channel, 2014).
Relevance to cardiovascular disease: According to Better Health Channel (2014), when these fatty substances build up inside the walls of the coronary arteries, these vessels become narrow resulting in the development of Coronary Heart Disease.
Vitamin B 9: Asparagus, broccoli, citrus fruit, bean, peas, lentils, avocado and okra
According to Better Health Channel (2017), proper amounts of vitamin B9 vitamin reduce the risk of developing birth defects of the neural tube including spina bifida among babies. It also plays a role in the erythropoiesis process in not only the mother but also the growing baby too. Lowers the risk of developing preeclampsia. It is vital for the placenta growth, DNA synthesis and the growth of the baby.
More iron supports the high mass of the mother’s red blood cell. More of it is needed as the baby is required to build iron stores that are enough to last for a half a year after birth, helping reduce the chances of the baby and the mother developing iron deficiency anaemia (Better Health Channel, 2017).
Folic acid is important for erythropoiesis and often helps prevent anemia. Increases the chances of one to get pregnant (Food Standards Australia New Zealand, 2016).
Iron is a component of the muscles of the body. It is a component in the red blood cells.
Effects of folic acid deficiency include the development of megaloblastic anemia, mental confusion, peripheral neuropathy, diarrhea and confusion (Food Standards Australia New Zealand, 2016). During pregnancy, deficiency results in neural tube defects, birth defects among other congenital anomalies.
Consequences of iron deficiency include extreme tiredness, breathlessness, pale skin, heart palpitations, dizziness, headaches, brittle nails, cold extremities, swelling and soreness of the tongue, tingling sensation in the legs and pica (Food Standards Australia New Zealand, 2016).
References
Better Health Channel. (2014). Cholesterol. Online source. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/cholesterol
Better Health Channel. (2017). Nutrition- women’s extra needs. Online source. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.go.au/health/healthyliving/nutrition-womens-extra-needs
Food Standards Australia New Zealand. (2016). Folic acid/folate and pregnancy. Online source. Available from: https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/generalissues/pregnancy/folic/Pages/default.aspx
Hall, J. E. (2015). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Health Direct. (2016). How to lower cholesterol. Online source. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/how-to-lower-cholesterol
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