NRS 433V Introduction To Nursing Research
Question:
Answer:
Introduction
Temperature maintain in infant is one of the biggest concern for the health care organizations across the world as it has been found that 21% infant mortality in the developing countries is caused due to hypothermia (Beiranvand et al., 2014). Due to rapid changes in the environment after birth the temperature of the newborn dropped rapidly. Thus, it is important to provide thermal protection to the newborn in order to reduce the mortality rate due to hypothermia (Irum et al., 2017). In this regards study has reported that skin-to-skin contact of the baby with the mother is effective to maintain the temperature of the newborn as it helps to maintain the natural thermal environment. Effective strategies include swaddling the baby comfortably, keeping the baby on mother’s belly and use a head cap in order to prevent the heat loss and keeping the baby on the mother’s chest during breast feeding (Safari et al., 2018). Study has informed that it is easy to keep the newborn in skin-to-skin contact with mother and the most effective way to reduce the risk of hypothermia (Beiranvand et al., 2014). The assignment aims to analyze a research paper based on newborn body temperature maintenance and effectiveness of skin-to-skin contact with mother. In this regards the paper will analyze the research article The effect of mother and newborn early skin-to-skin contact on initiation of breastfeeding, newborn temperature and duration of third stage of labor by Safari et al., (2018). The following paper will summarize and analyze the background, methodology, result, ethical consideration and conclusion of the article in an effective manner.
Background of Study
The neonatal and maternal mortality rate is very high in Iraq as compare to developed countries. Hypoxia and perinatal infection have been identified as the potential cause of neonatal death. It has been found that with early initiation of breastfeeding such mortality rate could be reduced. However, breastfeeding rate is very low (38.1%) in Iraq. On the other hand study has informed that various protective effects has been provided by the skin-to-skin contact (SSC) between the mother and the newborn after the delivery of the newborn. SSC has been found to be effective in the initiation of breastfeeding as well (Irum et al., 2017). In this regards the study has aimed to identify the effects of SSC in order to initiate breast feeding, duration of the third stage labor and maintain newborn temperature. Based on the aim of the study the researchers were focused to test four hypotheses such as shorter duration of labor in third stage is experienced by the mothers who involved in the SSC after the birth of the newborn, such mothers initiate early breastfeeding, newborns with SSC contain normal body temperature and more successful breastfeeding is exhibited by the mothers who involve in SSC as compare to the mothers who do not involve in SSC (Safari et al., 2018). The aims and hypothesis are clearly mentioned in the background that has helped the readers to assume the content of the article.
Methods of Study
In order to address the research objectives the study has used quasi experimental study method has been used. 130 participants have been found to be eligible to participate in the study, however, 22 women has failed to continue SSC thus they are excluded and finally 108 participants have been chosen to participate in the study. The participants have been divided equally into two groups, 56 in intervention group and 56 in control group. The study has utilized four instruments to collect data such as, questionnaire, written form to assess the labor during third stage, written form to record the temperature f the newborn and LATCH to assess breastfeeding. Data has been analyzed using SPSS tool, T-test and chi square test. Relevant and current literatures have been cited by the researchers, however, some old references are also cited. However, the study did not reported data excluding breastfeeding and duration of breastfeeding has not been assessed which have been considered as the limitations of the study. Argument has not been developed, rather the researchers have aimed to compare the breastfeeding, temperature of newborn and third stage labor of the mother practicing SSC with the mother who does not practice SSC. Grounded theory has been used for the research and the framework has supported the study by formulating hypotheses (Safari et al., 2018).
Results of Study
Result has indicated that 48% mothers involving in SSC have been found to breastfeed their newborn effectively. Newborn with SSC has been found to be started breastfeeding within 2. 41 ± 1.38 (M ± SD) minutes as compare to the newborn with routine care who have initiated breastfeeding within 5.48 ± 5.7 (M ± SD) minutes after birth. Duration of third stage labor has been found to be low in the mothers involving in SSC. Such information has helped to understand the effectiveness of SSC in reducing the risk of hypothermia. It has informed the nursing practice to encourage the mothers to engage in SSC to reduce the third stage labor and increase breastfeeding (Safari et al., 2018).
Ethical Considerations
Ethical consideration is an important part of research and the research article selected for the study has considered the ethical approval effectively. The study has been approved by Institutional review board such as ethical committee of the Nursing College of Hawler University. The participants of the study have been provided adequate ethical treatment and informed consent has been provided to them before conducting the research. However, data storage or privacy of the participants is not mentioned in the article (Safari et al., 2018).
Conclusion
The research article has informed that neonatal and maternal mortality rate is high in Iraq and hypoxia and perinatal infection have been found to be the main cause of such mortality rate. It has been found that with increasing breastfeeding the issue could be resolved. The findings have informed that SSC could initiate breastfeeding faster than routine care. In addition, SSC helps to reduce the third stage labor and maintain the temperature of the newborn. Such findings have informed the nursing practice about the effectiveness of SSC and recommended to encourage the mothers to engage in SSC to access such benefits.
References
Beiranvand, S., Valizadeh, F., Hosseinabadi, R., & Pournia, Y. (2014). The effects of skin-to-skin contact on temperature and breastfeeding successfulness in full-term newborns after cesarean delivery. International journal of pediatrics, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/846486
Irum, D., Jabeen, D., Baloch, D., & Mawani, M. (2017). Newborn body temprature; comparative study to see the impact on newborn body temperature after skin contact of mother and newborn v/s conventional method. The professional medical journal, 24(04), 574-579. doi: 10.17957/tpmj/17.3748
Safari, K., Saeed, A. A., Hasan, S. S., & Moghaddam-Banaem, L. (2018). The effect of mother and newborn early skin-to-skin contact on initiation of breastfeeding, newborn temperature and duration of third stage of labor. International Breastfeeding Journal, 13(1). doi:10.1186/s13006-018-0174-9
Use the following coupon code :
SAVE10