Chronic Daily Headache And Its Subgroups
Question:
Discuss About The Chronic Daily Headache And Its Subgroups.
Answer:
Introduction
My search was undertaken using key databases accessed through Murdoch university library link. I used the following databases CINAHL, Joanna Briggs Institute, Medline, Google/Google Scholar, and Cochrane database which contained vast and useful journal articles that provided accurate and relevant information to my search. These databases provided several ways to search for information which included such as the title, author, abstract, and all fields. They also accepted the use of Boolean expressions like and, or and not which enable me in extracting specific information from the database, furthermore they provided links that helped in seeking clarifications, additionally, I used Google and Google scholar for carrying out my research due to their helpful amount of information.
I used Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) because it provided access to a vast range of journals and article of health. In my research I would say CINAHL was the best database because it was quick and easy to use. This database had several search techniques which included use of Boolean expression which is ‘and’ ’or ‘and ‘not’; an example of a combination I used was the combination of patient and Sodium Valproate and it brought a very useful article called critical care medicine that had information on medical, neurological and surgical information related to patients treated by Sodium Valproate. I also found it very useful and user-friendly because. I could search by geographical regions, age and age groups, gender and I found both old and new reviewed articles of up to 2017 an example was although it took quite a lot of time to locate the information. I also used wildcard operator (*) in locating a wide range of information and tilde operator (~) in finding synonyms of words for easy searching. I realized that in using CINAHL acronyms or shortening of words did not work instead a word must be fully typed for it to be found in the database.
Cochrane
This database has a wide range of information from systematic reviews and meta analyses on a broad range of health topics. I accessed it to through the Murdock library link and it took very minimal time to learn how to use it since the keywords were typed in the same box. I used key words such as sodium valproate and sodium valproate effects and I found no result but on searching valproate I found a result. On realizing in this database Sodium Valproate was referred majorly as Valproate I majorly used this word in y search and found several results.
Medline
The Medline database provided an extensive collection of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on a broad range of health topics specifically on Randomized controlled trials (RCT), Controlled Trials, Case-control studies, Cohort studies, Descriptive studies, Qualitative studies and Instrument development research. The Medline allowed me to conduct generalized search and specific search by use of the Boolean expression ‘and’, ’or’, ’not’ and ‘and not’, Medline provided articles with a large amount of data in terms of population and statistics an example is the article Sodium valproate in the treatment of epilepsy
The evolution of the electronic age has led to the development of numerous medical databases on the World Wide Web. I, therefore, used Google as a search engine since it is one of my favorite databases with vast information.it allowed me to use the positive (+) and negative (-) operator in specifying the range of my search. The information provided by Google was helpful however due to the wide range of information available I had to spend a lot of time in finding only the information relevant to my search and time specific. Google has proven key to solving medical problems, some limitations of Google to my search was that in some articles the information found were irrelevant and lacked evidence though they had relevant title to my search hence confusing. Google through advanced setting allowed me to specify the currency of my search, and use of Boolean expressions.
Google scholar
Unlike Google, google scholar was more helpful because of its more advanced search functions and it the citation functions it provided and the metrics tool to inform the reader about the visibility and influence of the associated journals. It provided reviewed journals for carrying out the search. In searching google scholar I also used quotation marks to locate specific information that I required from the database and the results were useful in answering my research question. Google scholar provided me with useful articles that gave me access to the population in relation to use of Sodium Valproate Example In a place of 142 patients according to a study 84 percent were less than 20 years with several forms of generalized epilepsy.
Joanna Bridge Institute
This database that I accessed through Murdock university link contained seven publication types and over three thousand records. It contained option for carrying out searches using publication types and by use of key words, despite all these its database was not as helpful since it seemed to have limited resources specific to my research question. As compared to other databases its resources were very limited.
In my researching of PICO question, I used primary and secondary sources and I did not use any grey literature. The publications and books I used consist of peer reviewed journals, articles and randomized controlled trials, these are primary sources and systematic reviews and summary of primary sources which are secondary sources.
Article Data Range
Statistics plays a vital role in biomedical research. Many biomedical articles have statistical errors either in presentation or analysis of data. Studies that review evidence or test interventions in comparative designs are the essential building blocks of evidence?based practice. Without these, nursing care remains rooted in traditional ways of working without secure evidence of effect or harm. With nursing care in some countries coming under intense scrutiny, criticism, and demand for change. Due to this is used where possible the most recent publications made within the last ten years from 2008 to 2018.Furthermore, in this issue of currency, research suggests that engaging in evidence-based research routinely will improve the quality of healthcare delivery and patient outcomes and emphasizes the need for up to date research to be conducted frequently hence my need for currency.
Subject Heading and Keywords
PICOT Question: What is the period of recovery (O) for patients who developed a post Sodium Valproate (I) as compared to patients who never (C) within the 1st two weeks of recovery (T)?
I started by identifying keywords in my question which I used in my search. Keywords which I used to represent the different parts of my question were as follows:
For population (P): Sodium Valproate, patients with Sodium Valproate. For intervention (I): treatment for comparison(C): compare, never, within for outcome (O) period, recovery my time frame was within the first two weeks. Using this keyword led to a variety of article example. Effects of sodium valproate in 100 children with special reference to weight that looks at the effect of Sodium Valproate when administered to children.
Search Strategy
My initial approach was to start with searching phrases in my PICOT question which failed to work, I therefore used a single keywords example ‘Sodium Valproate’ and it brought very nice articles like Acute Hepatic Failure Associated with the Use of Sodium Valproate in order to describe the question and then in order to refine the results I either adding or removing some keywords I also used search specific search criteria such as use of quotation marks since I found that searching too many keywords at once was often too specific resulting in few results sometimes no result at all. When searching words using Boolean-like ‘Sodium Valproate and its effect’ I also found informative article example Oral valproic acid for epilepsy.
Article Selection
I used several criteria to determine which item to consider since finding the article specific to my question was quite difficult. First, I examined the best article to get based on the database and author of the article and then I examined each article abstract to confirm a good match for my PICO question: the correct population, intervention, comparison, outcomes and time, I then narrowed down to those that were appropriate in providing a clear answer to my question. The remaining articles were shortlisted since my question is specific so I took the most recent evidence-based content. Finally, those with larger population size were given more priority and preference over those with smaller population or where the study did not include a control group, with a focus on meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized control trials. My emphasis was in accessing an evidence-based article based on the article Evidence-Based Practice, Step by Step: Searching for
PICOT question: what is the period of recovery (O) for patients who developed a post Sodium Valproate (I) as compared to patients who never (C) within the 1st two weeks of recovery (T)?
Author(s), Date, Article Title, Journal, Volume, Issue Primary Author Credentials. Journal Ranking, Bias, Reliability |
Connolly, K. R., & Thase, M. E. (2011). The clinical management of bipolar disorder: a review of evidence-based guidelines. The primary care companion for CNS disorders, 13(4). doi:10.4088/PCC.10r01097 Primary authors credentials: Dr. Connolly, School of Behavioral Health, Philadelphia Medical Center, Philadelphia, Woodland Avenue Dr. Thase, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Journal Ranking and Reliability’s of 2.95 in 2011 This journal provides high quality peer reviewed papers related to symptoms and treatment of treatment of bipolar disorder |
Research Question and Purpose |
Research question: What is the diagnosis of bipolar disorder, what are the several ways analyzed the symptoms observed, and what are treatments that are available for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Purpose: To discuss the ways that can be used to analyses the moods of bipolar disorder and the approaches to further analyses this diagnosis presented, and the treatments that are available that are evidence based. |
Research Method: Approach, Sample, Setting, Data Collection, Analysis |
Guidelines used in this study were chosen from random, systematic trials; analyses; and natural trials which were published since 2005. There were four framework which are evidence based present for the treatment of bipolar disorder in which. Three of the four were published in 2009: which are those off an Australian project, the ones of the British Association for Psychopharmacology, and those of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders and the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments. The most recent guidelines from US is that of the Texas Implementation of Medication Algorithms project, which was last updated in the year 2005. A search on adults with bipolar was conducted on March of 2005 using the Agency for Healthcare Research a Quality Evidence Reports database, National Guideline Clearinghouse database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Moreover, a query was conducted from the PubMed database that completed in March,2010 and search for online unpublished resources was conducted to see randomized trials to help in evaluating viable strategies to treat persevere depression.
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Research Findings |
Bipolar disorder is an illness that is associated with the risk of health and mind effects due to this they are making the role of person taking care of them key. In managing the mood changes the focus should be on safety there is need for an evidence based treatment. The Long-term management are tasked with the maintenance of euthermia, and provision of adjunctive psychotherapy. |
Applicability to Clinical PICOT Question Detail why and how the article relates to your clinical PICOT question. |
PICOT Question: what is the period of recovery (O) for patients who developed a post Sodium Valproate (I) as compared to patients who never (C) within the 1st two weeks of recovery (T)? This article relates to my question such that upon the assessment of the complications affecting post BPAD treatment with sodium Valproate, it was acknowledged that by addressing the most critical problem, the recovery increasingly shortened but this came with challenges of worsening mood developed and increased symptoms over the last 3 weeks. With this article I seek to understand the relationship of the administration of Sodium Valproate and the effects such as the moods and any other symptoms over the last three weeks. |
PICOT Question: what is the period of recovery (O) for patients who developed a post Sodium Valproate (I) as compared to patients who never (C) within the 1st two weeks of recovery (T)?
Author(s), Date, Article Title, Journal, Volume, Issue Primary Author Credentials. Journal Ranking, Bias, Reliability |
Yurekli, V. A., Akhan, G., Kutluhan, S., Uzar, E., Koyuncuoglu, H. R., & Gultekin, F. (2008). The effect of sodium valproate on chronic daily headache and its subgroups. The journal of headache and pain, 9(1), 37-41. February 2008, Volume 9, Issue 1, pp 37–41 doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2009.07.002 Primary authors credentials: 1. Veda Ali Yurekli, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Suleiman Demirep University, Sparta, Turkey 2. Gallop Akhan, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine Suleiman Demirep University, Sparta, Turkey Journal Ranking and Reliability: This journal publishes high quality peer-reviewed papers on Sodium Valproate and its effect on chronic daily headache and its sub group. |
Research Question and Purpose |
Research question What is the effect of sodium valproate on the daily headache and its effects Research purpose To analyses the efficiency and of sodium valproate (VPA) on chronic daily headache (CDH) in a qualitative and randomly sampled controlled trial. |
Research Method: Approach, Sample, Setting, Data Collection, Analysis |
Examination that is based on the mind(psychological) and the body(physical) was administered. Hematology which is the blood chemistry tests which examine: liver function tests, thyroid function tests, ferritin, electrolytes, vitamin B12, folic acid, and were performed at the initial parts of thearchy to evaluate secondary reasons of headache By the end of these examinations, patients who recorded organic pathogens like malignancy dysthyroid, anemia, hypertension and other major depression were exclude from the study. After a period of 3 weeks, the patients were included in the study. Because of the low number of patients available, the patients of HC and NDPH were not included. The final number of patients in the study was 70. Out of these twenty-nine of them had CM and the rest had CTTH. Further liver tests for function and the measurement of total blood were applied to all patients by the end of the fourth and the twelfth week respectively; of the study. After this study the patients recorded the frequency of occurrence of their headache which was closely observed in a follow up activity. |
Research Findings |
In the findings Sodium valproate and placebo groups were made up of five males which was 12.5% then thirty-five females constituting 87.5%, respectively. The average age of Sodium Valproate and placebo groups were fourteen to forty-one and fourth respectively. |
Applicability to Clinical PICOT Question Detail why and how the article relates to your clinical PICOT question. |
PICOT question: what is the period of recovery (O) for patients who developed a post Sodium Valproate (I) as compared to patients who never (C) within the 1st two weeks of recovery (T)? This article related to my PICO question in that I seek to identify the effect of Sodium Valproate in trying to understand difference of duration of patients who developed post Sodium Valproate compared to patients who never within the first two weeks, with this I look at its effect in other daily diseases such a headache. |
Article
Author(s), Date, Article Title, Journal, Volume, Issue Primary Author Credentials. Journal Ranking, Bias, Reliability |
Beenen, L. F. M., Lindeboom, J., Trenité, D. K. N., Heimans, J. J., Snoek, F. J., Touw, D. J., … & Van Alphen, H. A. M. (1999). Comparative double blind clinical trial of phenytoin and sodium valproate as anticonvulsant prophylaxis after craniotomy: efficacy, tolerability, and cognitive effects. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 67(4), 474-480 doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.67.4.474 Primary author credentials Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit,1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands Journal Ranking and Reliability: This journal provides good peer-reviewed papers related to treatment of bipolar disorders, neuropathic pain, and as a migraine prophylaxis in terms of the process for it to act on enzymes. |
Research Question and Purpose |
Research question: What is the impact of Sodium Valproate as compared to anticonvulsant prophylaxis with reference to patients after they have undergone craniotomy Research purpose: To determine the efficiency, reliability and relevancy of Sodium Valproate to the patience quality of life after craniotomy |
Research Method: Approach, Sample, Setting, Data Collection, Analysis |
A random sampling structured yet critical clinical trial was performed, it compared two groups each containing 50 patients who were patients recovering from craniotomy and at the surgery time 300 mg phenytoin/day or 1500 mg sodium valproate/day was administered to them. The patients were seen after 3,5,6,12 months during the study where medical history, drug plasma and adverse events were evaluated. |
Research Findings |
In the study out of the hundred patients experienced postoperative seizures. The seizures of the two groups were almost equal and the blood plasms. Five patients in the Valproate group must stop their treatment due to adverse seizures. |
Applicability to Clinical PICOT Question Detail why and how the article relates to your clinical PICOT question. |
PICOT question: what is the period of recovery (O) for patients who developed a post Sodium Valproate (I) as compared to patients who never (C) within the 1st two weeks of recovery (T)? This article related to my PICO question in that it investigated the effect of Sodium Valproate comparing it to anticonvulsant prophylaxis after treatment my emphasis was on the duration it takes to act in the treatment to determine whether the symptoms were because of Sodium Valproate or other chemicals such as anticonvulsant prophylaxis |
Summary Basing on the complication of the bipolar disease and that it might result to poor health outcome, it can be concluded that the effects after treatment by Sodium Valproate were not because of the drug administered but it was due to the nature of the disease. In investigating this further with statistics on the second article i aimed at seeing the effect of Sodium Valproate in other areas such as headache and I realized that there is an effect of Sodium Valproate in the daily headache. I finally came up with the accurate result as confirmed in the third article that Sodium Valproate had an effect to the extent some had to stop treatment due to adverse effects. It can therefore be concluded that in trying to compare sodium valproate to non-pharmaceutical methods the non-pharmaceutical method could be more effective understanding that though the recovery of using sodium valproate may be faster but there are after treatment effects that might be adverse. |
Reference
Beenen, L. F. M., Lindeboom, J., Trenité, D. K. N., Heimans, J. J., Snoek, F. J., Touw, D. J., … & Van Alphen, H. A. M. (1999). Comparative double blind clinical trial of phenytoin and sodium valproate as anticonvulsant prophylaxis after craniotomy: efficacy, tolerability, and cognitive effects. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 67(4), 474-480
Connolly, K. R., & Thase, M. E. (2011). The clinical management of bipolar disorder: a review of evidence-based guidelines. The primary care companion for CNS disorders, 13(4).
Yurekli, V. A., Akhan, G., Kutluhan, S., Uzar, E., Koyuncuoglu, H. R., & Gultekin, F. (2008). The effect of sodium valproate on chronic daily headache and its subgroups. The journal of headache and pain, 9(1), 37-41.
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