C33 : Nursing

Introduction:

A mental image visualization refers to the representation in someone’s mind from the physical field that is outside the person (Andrews & Shaw, 2012 p.78).In most cases it involves perceiving the object, someone and a certain event although in some cases it  occurs when an object or scene is not specifically present to the identified senses. Therefore, mental imagery can produce effects that are the same as the image and thus being revealed through imagination. One uses the senses and ideas which are synthesized by the mind to bring an image that plays a key role in thinking and boosting his or her memmory.Images are best understood to bring an effect that will reveal the real object (Andrews & Shaw, 2012 p.142).

1. Analysis of mental image of the man.

The image describes the individual appearance that reflects the aboriginal man by the name Jones.It includes the physical characteristic, the lifestyle and main reason why the man was admitted in the emergency department. The man is aged 30 years old and the image identifies him as aboriginal person. The image displays how the man is in pain and on checking the physical appearance John is brown, 180 cm tall and he seems to be overweight. The hairstyle describes his originality and the Jumper with Jean conveys a lot to his culture (Earp & Shaw, 2017 p.67).

The man has a family that is John has 2 children as it is shown from his personal details .The family is in Dee Why Australia. He provides for his family although he is not working. He always spend his leisure time with family and friends, going to party and he likes drinking a lot. In narrative part, the image coming in my mind before the man was dropped in the hospital it shows that he was experiencing a lot of pain .The blood surrounding his head shows that the guy was either beaten with a blunt object or by using sharp object (Earp & Shaw, 2017 p.167).

2. Analysis of personal bias.

The research analysis is based on the people of Torres Strait Islander. In most cases physical appearance basically determines their level of aboriginality. The prevailing disparities between the health of indigenous aboriginal man continue to be bias within Australian regions. Research study argues indicates that aboriginal man involve in more risk behaviors rampantly than their indigenous man .Julien et al (2010 p.114-115) although this would dictate the decrease of health risks behavior which may have good impacts on the health expected results, the factors existing which affect health behavior are still biased and poorly understood based on personal grounds.

Normally, the behavior is probably perceived to be propelled by several factors which are within the immediate scope and control of the person. Some include the perceived behavioral characteristics and personal altitudes towards the person.

In some situations social disruption have been constantly associated with world view and historical events which really appear to promote the health risk behaviours.Conversely,Some of the world view  that influence the personal bias are cultural identity and distinctiveness which have been viewed to be very psychologically protective therefore influencing positive health behavior (Rasmussen et al, 2011 p.43)

Past atrocities and historical world discrimination have given middle and long term physical and psychological negative impacts on indigenous aboriginal individual patients whose experiences follow a trans-generational channel. This is usually reflected many psychological circumstances that show the discrimination, personal, influential racism towards the Aboriginal men.

Literal theories

Literal theories and critical discourses in the modern era view racism in all its particular forms that are usually focused with exposing world view on racist discourse. Many readers of contemporary international and Australian literature anticipate to acquire sympathetic attitude relating to the effects of post colonialism. Various post-millennial historical literature on people of Torres Strait Islander has an opportunity to broadly explain the personal bias (Gilchrist, 2010 p.374).

Literary images occur in current modern times leading to reviving of stereotypical degraded mirror images of aboriginal men. This was as a result prevailing colonial discourse which formed part of foundational beliefs and reality. From a reader’s original view and initial perspective, these lasting shadows of assumptions, bad attitude usually hinder the ability of a person reading without presence of unconscious bias. All readers who don’t have personal and close contact with Aboriginal individual patients, are simply temporal and partially wide from literary colonial images distance wise. This voids any particular reason to relate such literature to the current discrimination practices, personal bias inflicted to the Aboriginal persons. This leads to continued suffrage of the patient. Without availability of personal individual contact, upcoming literature theoretical work like novels involve themselves with negative bias and stereotypical representations that basically activates fear of aboriginal men and causing unconscious bias.

The developing popularity of ficto-historical on people of Torres Strait Islander and societal influences utilizing colonial discourse instil readers with contemporary bias viewing aboriginal patients to be mentally displaced. Material prosperity is not seen to be part of negative reader’s perspectives on the man.

The past negative stereotypical issues and views represented in the literature was an outcome of unconscious bias which was the main foundation of the aboriginal men. The prior statements of individual was that they are primitives, savage natives in Australia and are men who are both miserable and barbarous. The Charles Darwin doomed race theory created a belief that the aboriginal patients would at last die out. It formed a pivotal basis for social senseless prejudice viewing indigenous people to be savage and dirty creating a negative oppression experience.Bailie (2012 p.34) shows that the unconscious bias is characterized in both author and reader who classifies the natural traits of literary Aboriginal man as negative, leading to consequential division among the Australian society. Attempting to clearly understand the indigenous individual health behavior, the support workers usually observe Aboriginal women during birth to give a significant perspective of Aboriginal health. This is aimed at reduction of bias on Aboriginal men.

3. Analysis of cultural bias.

Causes of bias in cultural safety when providing nursing care for an aboriginal man.

From the research carried out on the people of Torres Strait Islander it shows that providing healthcare to the aboriginal man plays a big role in nursing. It is known that providing care to aboriginal man by the aboriginal people improves the field of nursing (Faisal et al 2013 p.90).Increase in aboriginal staff in the health sectors need to be amplified and increased in future. On considering to the cultural bias experienced in health sectors, various factors are experienced by the aboriginal person.

Cultural consideration when providing care to the aboriginal man tend to be bias in the following ways.

There are many challenges in providing care and treatment to the people with the common disease. Faisal et al (2013 p.145) argues that different people from different cultures causes cultural bias in health sectors. 

The idea of family meeting particularly in presence of cultural broker that focuses to explain the treatment measures and pathways .The point is that communication on care issues in these families propagates cultural bias since different choices and information are received from the different families.

Institution such as hospitals and preferably dialysis units in nursing fields causes a cultural bias especially when they involve in tracking the groups which visit their places (Jensen & Petersen, 2017 p.71). Hiring and employing nursing officials to their group’s shows high degree of cultural bias.

Believe to different norms and values in healthcare also is a source of cultural bias. Acting by adhering to you own values and disrespecting to other peoples norms in health care basically forms  a bias whereby unfairness and inefficiency  trails in healthcare (Jensen & Petersen, 2017 p.71).

Conclusion:

In conclusion personal visualization gives an image that describes the physical appearance of an individual .Koch et al (2014 p.45 ) according to research from people of Torres Strait Islander it shows that nurses  always visualizes on their patients therefore coming up with a clear image that describes the patient and the conditions experienced by the patient. Visualizing on aboriginal man helps nurses to design appropriate medication necessary (Koch et al, 2014 p.145).In order to boost the ability of medical professionals nurses need to visualize and work on aboriginal man.

References:

Andrews, G.J. and Shaw, D., 2012. Place visualization: Conventional or unconventional practice?. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 18(1), pp.43-48.

Australian Institute of Health, 2012. Australia’s Health 2012: In Brief. AIHW.

Bailie, R.S., Stevens, M. and McDonald, E.L., 2012. The impact of housing improvement and socio-environmental factors on common childhood illnesses: a cohort study in Indigenous Australian communities. J Epidemiol Community Health, 66(9), pp.821-831.

Earp, B.D. and Shaw, D.M., 2017. Cultural bias in American medicine: the case of infant male circumcision. Journal of Pediatric Ethics, 1(1), pp.8-26.

Faisal, S., Blandford, A. and Potts, H.W., 2013. Making sense of personal health information: challenges for information visualization. Health informatics journal, 19(3), pp.198-217.

Gilchrist, K., 2010. “Newsworthy” victims? Exploring differences in Canadian local press coverage of missing/murdered Aboriginal and White women. Feminist media studies, 10(4), pp.373-390.

Jensen, C. and Petersen, M.B., 2017. The deservingness heuristic and the politics of health care. American Journal of Political Science, 61(1), pp.68-83.

Julien, M., Wright, B. and Zinni, D.M., 2010. Stories from the circle: Leadership lessons learned from aboriginal leaders. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(1), pp.114-126.

Koch, S.H., Proynova, R., Paech, B. and Wetter, T., 2014. The perfectly motivated nurse and the others: workplace and personal characteristics impact preference of nursing tasks. Journal of nursing management, 22(8), pp.1054-1064.

Rasmussen, M., Guo, X., Wang, Y., Lohmueller, K.E., Rasmussen, S., Albrechtsen, A., Skotte, L., Lindgreen, S., Metspalu, M., Jombart, T. and Kivisild, T., 2011. An Aboriginal Australian genome reveals separate human dispersals into Asia. Science, p.1211177.