1803NRS Foundations Of Professional Nursing Practice

Synopsis about the talk

• Fredros Okumo experience about The mosquitoes

• He worked with a team at the Ifakara health institute of Tanzania

• His aim was to reduce the widespread prevalence of malaria within the community.

Synopsis

• Okumu and colleagues have discovered a chemical formula to attract mosquitoes at one place making it easier for mass eradication.

• Okumo anticipated that if the probable location of the mosquito colonies or the mating time could be identified, then it is easier to control them.

Determinants of the disease

• Malaria poses a global threat

• Tanzania is the third largest population that is at risk of malaria in Africa.

• Every year 10-12 million people are contracted with this disease and 80,000 die

Social Determinants of Malaria

The main determinants of health associated with malaria are-

• Health service
• Socio-economic factors
• Individual behaviors

Social Determinants

• People living below the poverty level in the South eastern part of the Tanzania are more vulnerable to malaria

• This group lacks knowledge regarding probable preventive measures of malaria

• They are most likely to miss health care services

• Might not afford the protective garments

Individual behavior

• Reluctant attitudes of using mosquito nets and mosquito

• Reluctance to access the primary health care services

• Lack of awareness of disease screening

• Failure to maintain a clean environment and application of insecticides.

Health care services

• Lack of proper primary care services in the remote areas

• Lack of proper screening centers for the malarial parasite

• Lack of proper government funding for setting up primary care services.

• Remoteness of the rural areas from the nearest primary care centers.

• Lack of community based approaches

Health improvement strategies

• Okumo and his team had discovered protective equipment: mosquito repellant, sandals and shoes for both men and women for protection from mosquito bite.

• Okumo emphasized on the maintenance of hygiene and cleanliness to restrict mosquito breeding.

Health improvement strategies

• Adhere to certain practices like sleeping under the mosquito nets and the use of the mosquito repellant oil

• Avoid getting out side in the dawn or dusk or getting out with protective clothing on.

• Spraying of insecticides

References

• Lowassa, A., Mazigo, H. D., Mahande, A. M., Mwang’onde, B. J., Msangi, S., Mahande, M. J., … & Kweka, E. J. (2012). Social economic factors and malaria transmission in Lower Moshi, northern Tanzania. Parasites & vectors, 5(1), 129.

• Mayala, B. K., Fahey, C. A., Wei, D., Zinga, M. M., Bwana, V. M., Mlacha, T., … & Mboera, L. E. (2015). Knowledge, perception and practices about malaria, climate change, livelihoods and food security among rural communities of central Tanzania. Infectiousdiseases of poverty, 4(1), 21.

• Randell, H. F., Dickinson, K. L., Shayo, E. H., Mboera, L. E., & Kramer, R. A. (2010). Environmental management for malaria control: knowledge and practices in Mvomero, Tanzania. Ecohealth, 7(4), 507- 516.

• Rehman, J. U., Ali, A., & Khan, I. A. (2014). Plant based products: use and development as repellents against mosquitoes: a review. Fitoterapia, 95, 65-74.

• Shayo, E. H., Rumisha, S. F., Mlozi, M. R., Bwana, V. M., Mayala, B. K., Malima, R. C., … & Mboera, L. E. (2015). Social determinants of malaria and health care seeking patterns among rice farming and pastoral communities in Kilosa District in central Tanzania. Acta tropica, 144, 41-49.

• Soe, H. Z., Thi, A., & Aye, N. N. (2017). Socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of malaria among the migrants in gold mining, rubber and oil palm plantation areas in Myanmar. Infectious diseases of poverty, 6(1), 142.

• Sultana, M., Sheikh, N., Mahumud, R. A., Jahir, T., Islam, Z., & Sarker, A. R. (2017). Prevalence and associated determinants of malaria parasites among Kenyan children. Tropical medicine and health, 45, 25. doi:10.1186/s41182-017-0066-5